Tuesday, 7 January 2020

Current Affairs in short : 7 january 2020


The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) launched the Vajra Platform to make payments fast and secure.

The Union Minister of Commerce and Industries inaugurated the National Stock Exchange (NSE) Knowledge Hub in New Delhi

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the three-day National Traders Convention at Ramlila Maidan in New Delhi. The convention has been organised by Confederation of All India Traders and will deliberate upon various issues concerning traders.

The Central Bank of Sri Lanka has permitted Indian private sector lenders Axis Bank and ICICI Bank to close their operations in Sri Lanka.

Uber Technologies Inc and automaker Hyundai Motor have teamed up to develop electric air taxis.

Indian Space Research Organisation has inked a pact with the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) to pave the way for collaboration in establishing optical telescope facilities under Project ‘NETRA’ for tracking space objects.

The Centre approved the release of Rs 5,908.56 crore to seven states, including Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Assam, as assistance for the damage caused due to various calamities last year.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has granted “in-principle” approval to Shivalik Mercantile Co-operative Bank Limited for transition into a Small Finance Bank (SFB).

The UAE Cabinet has approved the issuance of a five-year multi-entry tourist visa for all nationalities visiting the country.

Zoran Milanovic won Croatia's presidential election. He Croatia's center-left former prime minister. He defeated center-right incumbent Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic in a second-round vote.

IFS officer Arun Kumar Sahu is appointed as the next High Commissioner of India to the mountainous Caribbean island of Dominica.

The second phase of Intensified Mission Indradhanush 2.0 rolled out at block level in 35 districts of Uttar Pradesh.

Uttar Pradesh is all set to become the first state in the country to start the exercise of shortlisting migrants from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan, eligible for citizenship under the new Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA).

Jammu and Kashmir has registered the highest Inpatient Department, IPD care in the country.

Pune is to host the fifth edition of the Asia Pacific Drosophila Research Conference (APDRC5). The biennial conference is hosted for the first time in India. It is hosted from 6-10 January 2020

Gujarat Chief Minister Vijay Rupani has announced the setting up of the Vikram Sarabhai Children Innovation Center (VSCIC) in the state.

Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh has approved Rs.650 crore for the rejuvenation of highly polluting Budah Nallah at Ludhiana.


Andhra Pradesh state government launched the Dr. YSR Aarogyasri scheme.
It was inaugurated by Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister YS Jagan Mohan Reddy at Eluru in West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh.

In Gujarat, the 31st International Kite Festival has been launched at Sabarmati river front in Ahmedabad.

The Mizoram state government is organizing the Zo Festival from 9 January 2020.

The 1st edition of Khelo India University Games is scheduled to be held at the KIIT University in Bhubaneswar, Odisha from February 22 to March 1, 2020.

The Himachal Pradesh Government has launched Himachal MyGov portal in Shimla with a view to strengthen public participation in the governance process.

India’s P Magesh Chandran wins the title in the 95th edition of the prestigious Hastings International Chess Congress at Hastings in England.

New Zealand‘s batsman Leo Carter has become the seventh batsman in the history of cricket to smash six 6s in an over.

IPS officer Rajiv Rai Bhatnagar has been appointed as an advisor to the Lt Governor of Jammu and Kashmir. 

Monday, 6 January 2020

Current Affairs in short : 6 January 2020


India’s world-­class facility for training astronauts will come up in three years at Challakere, a shrubby, arid oilseeds town on the Bengaluru­-Pune NH4 in Chitradurga district of Karnataka.

About 21.40% of forest cover in India is prone to fires according to a 2019 report by the Forest Survey of India (FSI). FSI carried out a study along forest fire points identified across the country from 2004 to 2017. Forests in the north-eastern region and central India was found to be the most vulnerable.

The Government has initiated the process of formulating a New Education Policy. The policy aims to meet the changing dynamics of the requirements of the population with regard to quality education, innovation, and research.

UJALA and Street Lighting National Programme (SLNP) of the central government completed five successful years of illuminating the country.

The Army is likely to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the procurement of over 7.5 lakh AK-203 assault rifles with Russia.

In Iran, the Cabinet announced the country's decision to take the final step to reduce commitments to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), popularly referred to as the 2015 nuclear deal.

India has extended a line of credit of USD 75 million (over Rs 500 crore) to Cuba for financing solar parks. An agreement was signed between Export-Import Bank of India (Exim Bank) and Banco Exterior De Cuba.

The Women Science Congress was inaugurated at the ongoing Indian Science Congress in Bengaluru.

Uttar Pradesh is all set to become the first state in the country to start the exercise of shortlisting migrants from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan, eligible for citizenship under the new Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA).

Kochi to host the global meet on the marine ecosystem, MECOS-3. The 3rd international symposium on marine ecosystems-challenges and opportunities (MECOS-3) in Kochi from 7-10 January 2020. 

Bihar's Bhagalpur forest division is to inaugurate a first-of-its-kind rehabilitation centre for freshwater turtles in January 2020.

The Madhya Pradesh government has given its 12.55 lakh employees a new year bonanza by approving a health insurance scheme, ‘Mukhyamantri Karmachari Swasthya Bima Yojana’.

Dubai-based Indian girl, Sucheta Satish, who can sing in 120 languages, has won in the ‘Global Child Prodigy Awards 2020’ in New Delhi.

Shipping Corporation of India has appointed Harjeet Kaur Joshi as the new Chairperson & Managing Director of the company. She will also hold the additional charge of the post of Director (Finance) of the company for a period of 3 months. 

Karur Vysya Bank’s chief executive officer (CEO) and managing director (MD) P R Seshadri has resigned, citing personal reasons. The bank has informed stock exchanges that Seshadri will continue to function till the end of this financial year 2019-20.

Former Governor of Karnataka T N Chaturvedi passed away.

Sunday, 5 January 2020

Current Affairs in short : 5 january 2020


Neutral pronoun 'they' has been voted word of the decade by US language experts, beating out other contenders. "They" is used in English by a growing number of non-binary individuals, people who do not identify as either male or female.

According to WEF's (World Economic Forum) report, India has moved up six places to rank 34th on world travel and tourism competitiveness index.

The Gujarat government hiked the dearness allowance (DA) by five percent. With this, the DA would be 17 percent on par with Central government employees. 

West Bengal Government has decided to provide holy water of Ganga Sagar on the occasion of Makar Sankranti.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) set up a regional academic center for space at the National Institute of Technology (NITK) at Surathkal in Karnataka's southwest Dakshina Kannada district.

Kolkata Police will start the third edition of its 'Sukanya' project to provide girls studying in schools and colleges in the city with self-defence training. The third batch of 'Sukanya' will start at 100 city-based schools and colleges situated in Kolkata Police jurisdiction.

Chhattisgarh chief minister Bhupesh Baghel to set up a committee to ensure the payment of Rs 2500 per quintal to farmers against procurement of paddy.

Adani Ports to acquire a 75% stake in Krishnapatnam Port Company Limited (KPCL). It would be the largest acquisition in the port sector in India.

India's foreign exchange reserves got by 2.520 billion USD to touch a record high of 457.468 billion USD in the week on 27th December 2019.

Indian all-rounder Irfan Pathan announced his retirement from all forms of Cricket.

The income tax department issued a new calendar for the year 2020, a list of all the important tax-related deadlines. 

Ace shooter Saurabh Chaudhary has won the men's 10 metres air pistol gold at the 63rd National Shooting Championship in Bhopal.

Saturday, 4 January 2020

Current Affairs in short : 4 January 2020


World Braille Day observed on January 4th. The day is marked remembering the birth anniversary of Louis Braille, the inventor of Braille for people with visual disabilities.

Iran’s supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei named the Deputy Head of the Revolutionary Guards’ foreign operations arm Esmail Qaani to replace Qasem Soleimani as its commander.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi conveyed condolences on behalf of all Indians to damage to life and property in Australia due to severe and prolonged bushfires.

The United States of America around 3,000 army troops to the Middle East killing of Iranian Commander Qasem Soleimani ordered by President Donald Trump. 

Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal mourned the mob attack on Nankana Sahib Gurdwara in Pakistan, the atrocities on Sikhs.

South Korean electronics Samsung and Noida-based Dixon Technologies jointly manufacture LED televisions in India.

The 5th Ice Hockey Association of India (IHAI) National Ice Hockey Championship -2020 has begun in Leh.

Star opening batsman Rohit Sharma laid down the foundation stone for an international cricket stadium and training centre at Heartfulness Institute on the outskirts of Hyderabad.

Haryana government decided to celebrate this year as “Sushasan Sankalp Varsh”. Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar said if a person is untraced for more than six months then his family will be provided financial aid.

Economics Nobel Prize winner Abhijit Banerjee said instead of cutting corporate taxes, the government should be putting it in the hands of poorer people who will spend it immediately and kick­start demand in the economy

The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet approved the proposal of Ministry of Home Affairs for extending the deputation tenure of IPS Abhinav Kumar, Inspector General, Border Security Force (BSF), up to June 27, 2021, in relaxation of IPS Tenure Policy.

The anti­child marriage law does not intend to punish a male aged between 18 and 21 years for marrying a “female adult,” the Supreme Court has held in a recent judgment.

The Ministry of Human Resource Development formed a three-member committee to inquire into the financial and administrative irregularities allegations levied against former Allahabad University Vice-Chancellor Rattan Lal Hangloo.

Paddler Manav Thakkar has become the number one paddler in the U-21 category, the latest International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) rankings revealed.

The External affairs ministry announced the setting up of new emerging and strategic technologies (NEST) division.

Friday, 3 January 2020

Current Affairs in short : 3 January 2020


Prime Minister Narendra Modi electronically released 12,000 crore rupees under Pradhan Mantri Samaan Yojana to six crore farmers in Tumakuru.

President of Nepal Bidya Devi Bhandari launched much-awaited ‘Visit Nepal Year 2020’ campaign amidst a spectacular ceremony held at historic Dasaratha Rangashala in Kathmandu.

The Odisha government has announced that from April 1 only beneficiaries with Aadhaar card will be given pension under the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) and the Madhubabu Pension Yojana (MBPY).

Union Ministry of Science and Technology awarded as Swarna Jayanti Fellowships to 14 scientists to basic research in frontier areas of science and technology.

World Health Organization (WHO) designated 2020 as the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife to honor the 200th birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale.

Union Minister of State Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region inaugurated the first Capacity Building Programme on General Financial Rules-2017, e-Procurement and Government e-Marketplace (GeM) at Convention Centre, Jammu.

Chief of the Defence Staff, CDS General Bipin Rawat has directed various branch heads to come up with recommendations for inter-service synergy and jointness in a time bound manner.

India records less than 100 tiger deaths for the first time in three years. For the first time in the past three years, the number of tiger deaths in a year in the country has been less than 100.

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)  warned American airlines and their pilots that there is risk involved in operating flights in Pakistan airspace due to “extremist or militant activity”

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi dedicated to the nation 5 Young Scientists Laboratories of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), in Bengaluru.

Turkey’s Parliament passed a Bill y approving a military deployment to Libya, aimed at shoring up the UN-­backed government in Tripoli. 

Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) a first Silk Processing Plant inaugurated at Surendranagar in Gujarat.

Kerala has became the first state to pass a resolution against the Citizenship Amendment Act amid widespread protests across the country.

The Andhra Pradesh government-appointed Indian Administrative Service (IAS) official Dr Kritika Shukla and Indian Police Service (IPS) official M Deepika, as Special Officers for implementing the Andhra Pradesh Disha Act 2019.

UPSRTC (Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation) has launched ‘Damini’ helpline service considering the safety of the women passengers.

In Tripura, Lai Haraoba, a ritualistic festival observed by Manipuri meitei communities began in Agartala.

A total of twenty two tableau proposals including 16 from states and six from Central Ministries have been short-listed for participation in this year's Republic Day parade.

The annual New Delhi World Book Fair, in its 28th edition, will focus on how Mahatma Gandhi influenced generations of writers through his writings.

The Assam State Zoo cum Botanical Garden and Aaranyak has jointly attained a landmark achievement by successfully hatching a pair of Greater Adjutant or Hargila  chicks in an artificial platform within the zoo enclosure, in the first ever experiment of its kind.

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated the 107th Indian Science Congress (ISC) at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru.

Indian women’s hockey team defender Sunita Lakra has announced her retirement from international hockey. The 28-year-old defender has been a vital member of the Indian squad since 2008. She represented the country in the last Olympics.

The 5th Ice Hockey Association of India (IHAI) National Ice Hockey Championship -2020 has begun in Leh, Ladakh. The tournament will continue till 7th January in Karzoo Ice Hockey Rink in Leh.

The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has appointed Suresh Chandra Sharma as the chairman of National Medical Commission (NMC).

In a major feat of mountaineering, 18-year-old Malvath Poorna from Telangana scaled Mt Vinson Massif, the highest mountain peak in Antarctica. Mt Vinson Massif is 4,987 metres above sea level.

Eminent Assamese dramatist, litterateur and social activist Ratna Ojha has passed away due to old age-related ailments. He was 88.

The Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP) leader and Nagaland Assembly Speaker Vikho-o Yhoshu has passed away.

Thursday, 2 January 2020

Current Affairs in short : 2 January 2020


The birth anniversary of the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh ji is being celebrated in the country.

The University of Agricultural Sciences in Bengaluru is all set to host the 107th Indian Science Congress.

The  Indian Railway integrated railway helplines into single number 139 for the passengers for quick grievance redressal and inquiry during their journey. The new helpline number 139 will take over all the existing helpline numbers (except 182).

Pacific Island nation Palau's pioneering ban on "reef-toxic" sunscreens takes effect from 01 January 2019.

Around 8,000-10,000 cameras will be used to carry out the 2020 lion census in Gujarat, the last abode of the Asiatic lion.

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) awarded the first civil contract for the Tughlakabad-Aerocity corridor of its Phase 4 project. 

Indian Space Research Organisation identifies four Astronauts for Gaganyaan manned mission. ISRO chief K. Sivan says, their training will begin from the third week of January, 2020.

Odisha's 5T initiatives launched an online platform to digitalize the publication of Odisha Gazette and move forward as a paperless mode of publication.

Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) opened 28 Aadhaar Seva Kendras (ASK) as part of its plan to open 114 stand-alone Aadhaar Enrolments & Update Centres across the country. 

The Reserve Bank of India, RBI has launched a mobile app, MANI, Mobile Aided Note Identifier, to help visually challenged people to identify denomination of currency notes.

Pariksha pe Charcha, the programme in which Prime Minister interacts with the cross section of Students and Teachers from India and abroad to beat exam stress has been rescheduled to 20th January this year.

Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan launched the Kerala Real Estate Regulatory Authority .The main aim is to boost the confidence of customers and bring in more transparency in the real estate sector.

Vinod Kumar Yadav has assumed the charge of Chairman, Railway Board after being reappointed.

G Babita Rayudu took charge as its executive director. Rayudu will handle the legal affairs department, enforcement department, and special enforcement cell.

In the West African state of Guinea-Bissau, Opposition leader Umaro Sissoco Embalo has won presidential elections, picking up 53.55 per cent of votes.

Former India skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni was picked as captain of ESPN Cricinfo's ODI and Twenty20 teams of the decade, while Virat Kohli was named the leader in Tests.

Wednesday, 1 January 2020

Current Affairs in short : 1 January 2020

Global Family Day is celebrated  on 1st January every year as a day of peace and sharing.

The government has launched a portal, www.ceir.gov.in, for Delhi-NCR subscribers
to track or block their lost/stolen phones.

The Railways has renamed its security force RPF (Railway Protection Force) as Indian Railway Protection Force Service.

The union Government of India launched world's largest ever vaccination programme,National Animal Disease Control Programme  to control FMD and Brucellosis with a financial outlay of Rs. 13,343.00 crore for five years (2019-20 to 2023-24) by vaccinating 100% cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, and pig population for FMD and 100% bovine female calves of 4-8 months of age for brucellosis to prevent loss of Rs. 50,000 crores. This programme combined with providing unique PashuAadhar to 535 million animals

The entire state of Nagaland has been declared a disturbed area for a period of six months under the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, AFSPA.

Finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman launched a National Infrastructure Pipeline coordination mechanism with an investment plan worth 102 trillion in the next five years.

The famous 11-day long ‘Dhanu Jatra’, considered as the largest open-air theatre of the world begins at Bargarh in western Odisha.

Indian Olympic Association (IOA) withdrawn its threat to boycott the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham over Shooting's exclusion. 

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha JMM senior leader Stephen Marandi took oath as the Protem Speaker for the fifth Jharkhand Assembly at Raj Bhavan.

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman unveiled a 102 lakh crore national infrastructure pipeline in accordance with the Narendra Modi government's vision to make India a $5 trillion economy by 2024-25.

General Manoj Mukund Naravane took charge as the 28th Chief of Army Staff.
He succeeded General Bipin Rawat who retired on 31st December, 2019.

The central government decided to wave off the Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) to promote digital payments. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman recently announced that the digital transactions using RuPay or UPI would not face additional charges from January 1, 2020.

The Indian government decided to allocate spectrum to all telecom operators and equipment makers for the upcoming 5G trials in the country. The announcement made by India's federal technology and communications minister, Ravi Shankar Prasad.

Cycling to be included in upcoming Khelo India games.

In Boxing, Vikas Krishan claimed a slot in the Indian men's boxing squad in the 69 kilogram category for next year's Olympic qualifiers.

The International Cricket Council, plans to scrap five-day Tests from 2023. The ICC could make four-day Tests mandatory from 2023 as part of the World Test Championship, primarily to free up the crowded calendar.


Sunday, 1 December 2019

Question Papers

SDA

➡️2019 KPSC SDA Question Paper General Kannada click here for Download


➡️2019 KPSC SDA Question Paper General Knowledge click here for Download


➡️2018 KPSC SDA Question Paper General Knowledge click here for Download


➡️2018 KPSC SDA Question Paper General Kannada and General English, Click here for Download


➡️2017 KPSC SDA Question Paper General Knowledge click here for Download


➡️2015 KPSC SDA or Jr. Asst in Food and Civil Supply Department Question Paper General Knowledge click here for Download


➡️2015 KPSC SDA Question Paper General Kannada click here for Download


➡️2011 KPSC SDA Question Paper General Kannada click here for Download


➡️2011 KPSC SDA Question Paper General English click here for Download


➡️2011 KPSC SDA Question Paper General Knowledge click here for Download



FDA

➡️2019 KPSC FDA Question Paper General Kannada click here for Download


➡️2019 KPSC FDA Question Paper General Knowledge click here for Download


➡️2018 KPSC FDA Question Paper General Kannada and General English, click here for Download


➡️2018 KPSC FDA Question Paper General Knowledge click here for Download


➡️2017 KPSC FDA Question Paper General Kannada and General English,  click here for Download


➡️2017 KPSC FDA Question Paper General Knowledge click here for Download


➡️2015 KPSC FDA or Sr. Asst in Food and Civil Supply Department Question Paper General Kannada click here for Download


➡️2015 KPSC FDA or Sr. Asst in Food and Civil Supply Department Question Paper General Knowledge click here for Download


➡️2011 KPSC FDA Question Paper General Kannada click here for Download


➡️2011 KPSC FDA Question Paper General Knowledge click here for Download



Sunday, 16 September 2018

ವಿಶ್ವ ಓಜೋನ್ ದಿನ – ಸಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 16

ಏನಿದು ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ?
ಓಜೋನ್ ಎನ್ನುವುದು ನೀಲಿಬಣ್ಣದ ನೈಸರ್ಗಿಕ ಅನಿಲ ಎಂದು ಸಾಬೀತಾಗಿ ಶತಮಾನಗಳೇ ಕಳೆದಿದೆ. ಭೂಮಿಯ ವಾತಾವರಣದ ಮೊದಲೇ ಎರಡು ಪದರಗಳಾದ ಟ್ರೋಪೋಸ್ಪಿಯರ್ ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ಟ್ರಾಟೋಸ್ಪಿಯರ್‍ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಓಜೋನ್ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ. ಸುಮಾರÀು ಶೇಕಡಾ 90 ಭಾಗ ಓಜೋನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರಾಟೋಸ್ಪಿಯರ್ ಪದರದಲ್ಲಿ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ. ಅಲ್ಲದೆ ಓಜೋನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರಾಟೋಸ್ಪಿಯರ್‍ನಲ್ಲಿದ್ದರೆ ಜೀವರಕ್ಷಕ ಕವಚವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಟ್ರೋಪೋಸ್ಪಿಯರ್‍ನಲ್ಲಿದ್ದರೆ ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯಕಾರಕ ಅನಿಲವಾಗಿ ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಭೂಮಿಯಿಂದ ಮೇಲ್ಮುಖವಾಗಿ 25ರಿಂದ 30 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರದಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ಟ್ರಾಟೋಸ್ಪಿಯರ್‍ನಲ್ಲಿ ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರವಾಗಿ ಸೂರ್ಯ ಕಿರಣಗಳಿಂದ ಹೊರಹೊಮ್ಮುವ ನೆರಳಾತೀತ ಕಿರಣಗಳನ್ನು ಹೀರಿಕೊಂಡು, ಚರ್ಮದ ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್‍ನಿಂದ ಮನುಕುಲವನ್ನು ರಕ್ಷಿಸುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂದು ನಮಗೆ ತಿಳಿದ ಸತ್ಯ ವಿಚಾರವಾಗಿದೆ. ಸೂರ್ಯನ ನೇರಳಾತೀತ ಕಿರಣಗಳ ಸಮ್ಮುಖದಲ್ಲಿ ಆಮ್ಲಜನಕದ ಒಂದು ಅಣು ಮತ್ತು ಪರಮಾಣು ಸೇರಿದಾಗ ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಒಟ್ಟಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರದ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಗೆ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಬೇಕಾಗಿರುವುದು ಆಮ್ಲಜನಕದ ಅಣು ಮತ್ತು ಪರಮಾಣು ಹಾಗೂ ಸೂರ್ಯನ ನೆರಳಾತೀತ ಕಿರಣಗಳು ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಯಾಗುವ ಈ ಪ್ರಕೃತಿಯ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಆಮ್ಲಜನಕದ ಅಣು ಮತ್ತು ಪರಮಾಣುಗಳು ನೆರಳಾತೀತ ಕಿರಣಗಳನ್ನು ಹೀರಿ ಭೂಮಂಡಲದ ಜೀವರಾಶಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ನೀಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಹೀಗೆ ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಯಾಗುವ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆ ನಿರಂತರವಾಗಿ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಲೇ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ. ಅದರ ಜೊತೆಗೆ ನೈಸರ್ಗಿಕವಾಗಿ ಹಾಗೂ ಮನುಷ್ಯನ ನಿಸರ್ಗ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಗಳಿಂದಾಗಿ ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ ಅನೈಸರ್ಗಿಕವಾಗಿ ಕ್ಷೀಣವಾಗುತ್ತಲೇ ಬರುತ್ತಿದೆ. ಹೀಗೆ ಓಜೋನ್ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಯಾಗುವ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಗಿಂತ ಕ್ಷಿಣಿಸುವ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾದಂತೆ ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ ತೆಳುವಾಗುತ್ತಲೇ ಬರುತ್ತದೆ. ಒಟ್ಟಿನಲ್ಲಿ ತೆಳುವಾದ ಒಜೋನ್ ಪದರ ಸೂರ್ಯನ ನೆರಳಾತೀತ ಕಿರಣಗಳನ್ನು ತಡೆಯಲರದೇ, ಭೂಮಿಗೆ ನೇರವಾಗಿ ಸೇರಿಕೊಂಡು ಜೀವರಾಶಿಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ, ಮನುಕುಲದ ಮೇಲೆ ಮಾರಕವಾದ ದಾಳಿ ನಡೆಸುತ್ತದೆ.
OZONE LAYER
ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ ಕರಗಲು ಕಾರಣಗಳು ಏನು?
ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ ಕರಗಲು ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕಾರಣಗಳು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಿರುವ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೀಕರಣ ಎಂದರೂ ತಪ್ಪಲ್ಲ. ಕಾಡು ಕಡಿದು ಕಾಂಕ್ರೀಟ್ ಜಂಗಲ್ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡು ಆಧುನೀಕತೆಯ ನೆಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಪರಿಸರ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಒತ್ತು ನೀಡುವುದೇ ಬಹಳ ದೊಡ್ಡ ದುರಂತ ಎಂದರೂ ತಪ್ಪಲ್ಲ. ಕಾರ್ಖಾನೆಗಳಿಂದ ಹೊರಹೊಮ್ಮುವ ವಿಷಕಾರಕ ಅನಿಲಗಳು, ವಾಹನಗಳಿಂದ ಹೊರಸೂಸುವ ಹೊಗೆ, ಧೂಮಪಾನ, ಹವಾನಿಯಂತ್ರಕ ಯಂತ್ರಗಳಿಂದ ಹೊರಸೂಸುವ ವಿಷಾನಿಲಗಳು, ಶಿಥಿಲೀಕರಣ ಯಂತ್ರದಿಂದ ಹೊರಹೊಮ್ಮುವ ಅನಿಲಗಳು ಖಂಡಿತವಾಗಿಯೂ ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರಕ್ಕೆ ಮಾರಕವಾಗಬಲ್ಲದು. ಮಥೇನ್, ಕಾರ್ಬನ್ ಮೋನೋಕ್ಸೈಡ್, ಕ್ಲೋರೋಪ್ಲೋರೋ ಕಾರ್ಬನ್, ಕ್ಲೋರಿನ್ ಬ್ರೋಮಿನ್, ಮಿಥೈಲ್ ಬ್ರೋಮೈಡ್, ಹೈಡ್ರೋ ಪ್ಲೋರೋಕಾರ್ಬನ್ ಮುಂತಾದ ಅನಿಲಗಳು ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರವನ್ನು ತೆಳುವಾಗಿಸುವಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಭೂಮಿಕೆ ವಹಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ ತೆಳುವಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಂಟಾಗುವ ಅನಾಹುತಗಳು
ಆಕ್ಸ್‍ಪರ್ಡ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ಹಿರಿಯ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ ಡಾಬ್ಸನ್ ಎಂಬಾತ ಓಜೋನ್ ಅನಿಲದ ಪ್ರಮಾಣವನ್ನು ಸಂಶೋಧನಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಮೊದಲಿಗೆ ದಾಖಲಿಸಿದರು. ಅವರ ನೆನಪಲ್ಲಿ ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರದ ಅಳತೆಗೆ ಡಾಬ್ಸನ್ ಯುನಿಟ್ ಎಂದೇ ನಾಮಕರಣ ಮಾಡಲಾಯಿತು. ಈ ಪದರ 290 ರಿಂದ 310ರ ವರೆಗಿದ್ದಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವುದೇ ತೊಂದರೆ ಇಲ್ಲ. ಆದರೆ 290ಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಕಡಿಮೆಯಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಮನುಕುಲ ಮತ್ತು ಜೀವ ಸಂಕುಲಕ್ಕೆ ಖಂಡಿತವಾಗಿಯೂ ಮಾರಕವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂದು ತಿಳಿದು ಬಂದಿದೆ. ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ ತೂತಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಆಡು ಮಾತಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುವುದು ಇದರ ನಿಜವಾದ ಅರ್ಥ, ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ 290 ಡಾಬ್ಸನ್ ಯುನಿಟ್‍ಗಿಂತಲೂ ತೆಳುವಾಗಿ ತನ್ನ ಜೀವ ರಕ್ಷಕ ಸಾಮಥ್ರ್ಯವನ್ನು ಕಳಕೊಂಡಿದೆ ಎಂಬುದಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ. ಓಜೋನ್ ಪದರ ತೆಳುವಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಮನುಷ್ಯನ ಆರೋೀಗ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಏರುಪೇರಾಗಿ ಚರ್ಮದ ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್ ಬರಬಹುದು. ಭೂಮಂಡಲದ ಇತರ ಜೀವ ಸಂಕುಲಗಳು ನಾಶವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಸರದ ಸಮತೋಲನ ತಪ್ಪಬಹುದು. ಭೂಮಿಯ ಫಲವತ್ತತೆ ಕಡಿಮೆಯಾಗಿ ಬರಡು ಭೂಮಿಯಾಗಲೂ ಬಹುದು. ಶುದ್ಧ ನೀರಿನ ಕೊರತೆಯೂ ಕಾಡಬಹುದು. ಒಟ್ಟಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಭೂಮಂಡಲ ಜೀವಿಸಲು ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾದ ಸ್ಥಳವಾಗಿ ಖಂಡಿತವಾಗಿಯೂ ಉಳಿಯದು ಎಂಬುದು ಸಾರ್ವಕಾಲಿಕ ಸತ್ಯ. ಈ ನಿಟ್ಟಿನಲ್ಲಿ ನಾವೆಲ್ಲರೂ ಗಾಢವಾಗಿ ಯೋಚಿಸಿ ಪರಿಸರಕ್ಕೆ ಮಾರಕವಾಗುವ ಯಾವುದೇ ಕೈಗಾರೀಕೀಕರಣ ಯೋಜನೆಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಪರಿಸರಕ್ಕೆ ಮಾರಕವಾಗುವ ಅನಿಲಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊರಸೂಸುವ ಯಂತ್ರೋಪಕರಣಗಳ ಬಳಕೆಯನ್ನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಾಡಿ ಭೂಮಂಡಲವನ್ನು ನಮ್ಮ ನಂತರದ ಪೀಳಿಗೆಗೆ ವಾಸಕ್ಕೆ ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾದ ಸ್ಥಳವಾಗಿ ಉಳಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವ ಗುರುತರವಾದ ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ನಮ್ಮೆಲ್ಲರ ಮೇಲೆ ಇದೆ.
ನಮ್ಮ ಜೀವನಶೈಲಿ, ಬದುಕಿನಪದ್ಧತಿ, ಆಹಾರ ಪದ್ಧತಿಯನ್ನು ಪರಿಸರಕ್ಕೆ ಪೂರಕವಾಗಿ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಬೇಕಾದ ಅನಿವಾರ್ಯತೆಯೂ ಇದೆ. ಇಲ್ಲವಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ಶತಮಾನ ಕಳೆಯುವ ಹೊತ್ತಿಗೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಫಲವತ್ತ್ತಾದ ಭೂಮಂಡಲ ಬಂಜರು ಭೂಮಿಯಾಗಿ ಮರುಳುಗಾಡಾಗಿ ಪರಿವರ್ತತೆಯಾಗಲೂ ಬಹುದು.
ವಿಶ್ವ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ ಇತ್ತೀಚಿನ ಅಂಕಿಅಂಶಗಳ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಜಗತ್ತಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಅತೀ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಇಂಗಾಲ ಹೊರಸೂಸುವ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮೊದಲ ಸ್ಥಾನ ಚೀನಾಕ್ಕೆ ದೊರಕಿದೆ ಅದೇ ರೀತಿ ಅತೀ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಇಂಗಾಲ ಹೊರಸೂಸುವ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರವಾಗಿ ಇಥಯೋಪಿಯಾ ಹೊರಹೊಮ್ಮಿದೆ. ನಮ್ಮ ಭಾರತ ವಿಶ್ವದಲ್ಲಿ ನಾಲ್ಕನೇ ಅತಿದೊಡ್ಡ ಇಂಗಾಲ ಹೊರಸೂಸುವ ದೇಶವಾಗಿದೆ. ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆಯ ಧಾವಂತದಲ್ಲಿ ಕೈಗಾರೀಕರಣದ ಅನಿವಾರ್ಯತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಆರ್ಥಿಕತೆಯನ್ನು ಸದೃಢಗೊಳಿಸುವ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇಂತಹ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆಗಳು ನಡೆಯುವುದು ಸಹಜ. ಆದರೆ ಪರಿಸರ ಮತ್ತು ಆಧುನೀಕರಣ ಇವುಗಳ ನಡುವಿನ ಹೊಂದಾಣಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ತೂಗಿಕೊಂಡು ಹೋಗಬೇಕಾದ ಅನಿವಾರ್ಯತೆಯೂ ಇದೆ. ಜಗತ್ತಿನ ಇತರ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಗಳ ಜತೆಗಿನ ಪೈಪೋಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ, ಕೈಗಾರೀಕೀಕರಣದ ಮತ್ತು ಔದ್ಯೋಗೀಕರಣದ ನೆಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಹಸಿರುಮನೆ ಅನಿಲಗಳನ್ನು ಅಂದರೆ ಕಾರ್ಬನ್ ಡೈ ಆಕ್ಸೈಡ್, ಮಿಥೆನ್, ನೈಟ್ರನ್ ಆಕ್ಸೈಡ್ ಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಸರಕ್ಕೆ ಸೇರಿಸಿದಲ್ಲಿ ನಮ್ಮ ನಂತರದ ಪೀಳಿಗೆಯ ಜನಾಂಗ ಬದುಕಲು, ಉಸಿರಾಡಲು ಪರದಾಡಬೇಕಾದ ಕಾಲಬಂದರೂ ಬರಬಹುದು. ಈ ನಿಟ್ಟಿನಲ್ಲಿ ನಾವೆಲ್ಲರೂ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಚಿಂತಿಸಿ ಮುಂದುವರಿಯಬೇಕಾದ ಕಾಲ ಬಂದೊದಗಿದೆ ಎಂದರೂ ತಪ್ಪಲ್ಲ. ಒಟ್ಟಿನಲ್ಲಿ ನಮ್ಮ ಮುಂದಿನ ಜನಾಂಗಕ್ಕೂ ಬದುಕಲು ಪೂರಕವಾದ ವಾತಾವರಣ ಮತ್ತು ಭೂಮಂಡಲದ ಫಲವತ್ತತೆಯನ್ನು ಉಳಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವ ಗುರುತರ ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ನಮ್ಮೆಲ್ಲರ ಮೇಲೆ ಇದೆ.
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