One words denoting Young -ones

S.No.	Adult	Young-One
1.	Ass	Foal
2.	Bird	Nestling
3.	Butterfly, Moth	Caterpillar
4.	Cat	Kitten
5.	Cock	Cockerel
6.	Cow	Calf
7.	Cow	Heifer
8.	Deer	Fawn
9.	Dog	Puppy
10.	Duck	Duckling
11.	Eagle	Eaglet
12.	Elephant	Calf
13,	Fowl	Chicken
14.	Frog (Toad)	Tadpole
15.	Goat	Kid
16.	Goose	Gosling
17.	Hare	Leveret
18	Hen	Pullet
19.	Horse	Foal, colt
20.	Lion,Bear,Fox	Cub
21.	Mare	Filly
22.	Owl	Owlet
23.	Pig	Piglet
24.	Sheep	Lamb
25.	Stallion (horse)	Colt or Foal
26.	Swan	Cygnet

The Revolutionary Associations of India

Organization	Person Associated
Mitra Mela; 1899	Savarkar Brothers
Anushilan Samiti ; 1902	Barindra Kumar Ghosh; Jatindranath Banerji: Pramothya Mitter and Pulin Das
Abhinav Bharat Society ;1904	Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
Hindustan Republic Association ;1924	Sachindranath Sanyal and Jogsen Chandra Chatterji supported by Bhagat Singh and Udham Singh
Ghadar Party	Lala Hardayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna
Indian Independence League (In Japan ) ;1942	Rasbehari Bose
Hindu Dharma Sabha	Chepakar Brothers
Arya Bandhav Samaj	Tilak
Bharat Mata Society;1904	J.M. Chatterji ; Nilkantha Brahmachari and Vanchi Aryan
Atmonati Samiti	Bipin Bihari Ganguli
Bhikaji Movement : 1902 onwards	Madam Bhikaji Cama
Hind Association of America; 1913	Sohan Singh Bhakna
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association ; 1928	Chandrashekhar Azad
Bengal Volunteers	Hema Chand Ghosh and Lila Nag
Sri Sangha	Anil Roy
Indian Republican Army	Surya Sen

Important enzymes in human body

What are Enzymes ? 

Enzymes are proteins that control the speed of chemical reactions in our body. Without enzymes, these reactions would take place too slowly to keep us alive. Some enzymes, like the ones in our gut, break down large molecules into smaller ones. Others, like the enzymes that make DNA, use small molecules to build up large complex ones. Enzymes also help cells to communicate with each other, keeping cell growth, life and death under control.

Enzymes in human Body




some of the important functions of the enzymes are as follows :-


 Enzymes helps in digestion:-
1. Enzymes are the workhorses of the body. When you eat, enzymes break down the food into tiny particles which can be converted into energy in the body. Enzymes in the digestive system belong to an enzyme class called hydrolase. 
2. Hydrolases triggers a reaction called hydrolysis, which breaks large molecules down into smaller units. An  hydrolase, called protease, triggers reactions that break the proteins in to it's  constituent parts, which are called amino acids. 
3. Another type of hydrolase, called lipase, is secreted by pancreas gland  it breaks down the fats of the diet. A third type of hydrolase, called amylase, triggers the breakdown of certain carbohydrate starches in the diet


Enzymes helps in DNA Copying 
1. The DNA in our cell  is contained in strands of material called chromosomes.The specific areas of each chromosome contains our individual genes.
2. These genes together hold the information that determines our inherited characteristics.When cells in our body divide, each newly created cell must contain copies of our DNA.
3. To carry out this copying, our body is dependent on a enzyme that include helicase,which unwinds the  DNA strands from it's normal helix shape  and DNA polymerase which in turn activates the copying process.


Transformation of Glucose in to energy 
1. To get energy from glucose our body carries out a chemical reaction that is a predetermined order of  ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions called Glycolysis.
2. Glycolysis eventually leads to the creation of an essential fuel called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, which powers most of our cells. For each step of glycolysis our body is relied on different enzymes 


Important enzymes secreted by human body



Enzyme	Secreted by	Function
Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)	Salivary Glands	Converts starch to maltose
Renin	Stomach	Converts milk proteins to peptides
Pepsin	Stomach	Converts other proteins to peptides
Gastric Amylase	Stomach	Converts starch to maltose
Gastric Lipase	Stomach	Converts butter fat into fatty acids and glycerol
Trypsin	Pancreas	Converts proteins to peptides
Chymotrypsin	Pancreas	Converts proteins to peptides
Steapsin (Pancreatic Lipase)	Pancrease	Converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Carboxy polypeptidase	Pancreas	Converts peptides into amino acid
Pancreatic Amylase	Pancreas	Converts starch to maltose
Entirokinase	Small Intestine	It activates trypsinogen to tryspsin
Eripsin	Small Intestine	Digest peptones into amino acids
Maltase	Small Intestine	Digests Maltose to glucose
Sucrase	Small Intestine	Digests sucrose into glucose and fructose
Lactase	Small Intestine	Splits the milk sugar lactose, to produce the sugars glucose and galactose

Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana (PMKKKY)

@JNANASELE





1. Union Government has launched the Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana (PMKKKY) which will enable states to utilize the District Mineral Funds (DMF) for the welfare of people and areas affected by mining operations.
2. Minister of Mines and Steel Shri Narendra Singh Tomar said, PMKKKY is a revolutionary and unprecedented scheme of its kind, which will transform the lives of people living in areas which are affected directly or indirectly by mining. 


The objective of  Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana (PMKKKY) will be :- 
3. To implement various developmental and welfare projects/programs in mining affected areas that complement the existing ongoing schemes/projects of State and Central Government
4. To minimize/mitigate the adverse impacts, during and after mining, on the environment, health and socio-economics of people in mining districts
5. To ensure long-term sustainable livelihoods for the affected people in mining areas.
In Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana (PMKKKY) care has been taken to include all aspects of living, to ensure substantial improvement in the quality of life. High priority areas like drinking water supply, health care, sanitation, education, skill development, women and child care, welfare of aged and disabled people, skill development and environment conservation will get at least 60 % share of the funds
For creating a supportive and conducive living environment, balance funds will be spent on making roads, bridges, railways, waterways projects, irrigation and alternative energy sources.
This way, government is facilitating mainstreaming of the people from lower strata of society, tribals and forest-dwellers who have no wherewithal and are affected the most from mining activities. 


About District Mineral Foundations (DMFs) :-
6. In March, Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2015 (MMDR Act) was passed, paving the way for auction of major mineral-bearing mines. It also stipulates creation of a DMF for the interest and benefit of the persons and areas affected by mining-related operations.
7. In case of mining leases executed before January 12, 2015 (the date of coming into force of the MMDR Act) miners will have to contribute an amount equal to 30 per cent of the royalty payable by them to the DMFs and for the mining leases that are granted after January 12 this year, the rate of contribution would be 10 per cent of royalty payable.
8. DMFs will have to consult the gram panchayats in the district while taking major decisions and will have to provide periodic reports on the projects undertaken by them. 
9. The Central Government has issued a directive to the State Governments, under Section 20A of the MMDR Act, 1957, laying down the guidelines for implementation of PMKKKY and directing the States to incorporate the same in the rules framed by them for the DMFs.

Hangzhou City of China chosen to host 2022 Asian Games:

1. Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang Province in east China, was chosen by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) to host the 2022 Asian Games. The decision was made at  the 34th Congress of Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) held in Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan.
2. Hangzhou was the only candidate city for the 2022 Asian Games. Its successful bid means the regional games will be staged in China for the third time following Beijing in 1990 and southern Guangzhou in 2010.
3. Hangzhou is best known for the West Lake, a placid and tourist attraction. It is also home base of Chinese Internet (ecommerce) giant Alibaba. South Korea's Incheon held the last Asian Games in 2014, while Indonesia's Jakarta will play host in 2018.
4. It should be noted that Beijing was just selected to hold the 2022 Winter Olympics after hosting the Summer Games in 2008.